Prevalence of Ear-Piercing Complications, Associated Risk Factors, and Current Ear-Piercing Trends Among Females in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Background: Ear piercing is one of the most commonly performed forms of body modification worldwide. While generally considered a simple procedure, it may be associated with a range of local and cosmetic complications. Objective: To evaluate current ear-piercing trends, determine the prevalence of ear-piercing complications, and identify factors independently associated with the development of these complications among females residing in Riyadh. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among females residing in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Participants were recruited through an online self-administered questionnaire distributed via social media platforms. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of complications. Results: A total of 1018 participants were included. Ear piercing for aesthetic purposes was reported by 52.8% of respondents. Most participants (87.8%) reported not receiving information regarding procedural risks or aftercare instructions. Complications were reported by 26.5% of participants, with infection (57.0%) and ear pain (54.1%) being the most frequent. Independent predictors of complications included having multiple piercings, cartilage piercing, student status, and the use of piercing guns. Undergoing the first ear piercing before one year of age was associated with a lower risk of complications. Conclusions: Our findings indicate that nearly one-quarter of females reported experiencing complications from ear piercings and are associated with several potentially modifiable factors. This emphasizes the importance of informed consent before the procedure, along with proper education on associated risks.