An Insight Into Rock Brittleness Prediction Based on Stacking Integrated Algorithm

ABSTRACT The significance of rock brittleness is well‐recognized in the fields of geotechnical engineering and energy exploration. To enhance the predictive precision of rock brittleness, this paper proposes a Stacking integrated algorithm. This algorithm synergistically combines various meta models and foundational models, utilizing a suite of nine algorithm modes: Gaussian Process Regression, Support Vector Machine, Backpropagation Neural network, Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest, Extreme Gradient Boosting, Lasso Regression, and Ridge Regression. Furthermore, Tuna and Bayesian optimization algorithms are utilized to refine the model's performance. Additionally, a new diversity index, k, based on the ratio of correlation coefficients, has been introduced to facilitate the optimal selection of base models for the Stacking integrated algorithm. The predictive accuracy of the Stacking integrated model, as determined by the proposed diversity index k, surpasses that of the finest individual base model and outperforms other sets of five integrated base models with an equivalent number of components. This underscores the efficacy of the diversity index k in guiding the selection of appropriate base models for the stacking process. The most effective model for predicting rock brittleness incorporates the Extreme Learning Machine network, Decision Tree, Random Forest and Extreme Gradient Boosting. This ensemble model demonstrates superior accuracy over the single best model, the Decision Tree, by reducing the average brittleness prediction error rate by 0.3745 and elevating the determination coefficient ( R 2 ) value from 0.9118 to 0.9629.When compared with the Particle Swarm Optimization model, this composite model achieves an increase of 0.1498 in R 2 .