Lazertinib: A Selective EGFR Mutant Inhibitor to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

Abstract: One of the leading causes of death related to cancer worldwide is non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations are one of the most important therapeutic targets. Lazertinib is an irreversible EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) that is selectively active against EGFR mutations and the T790M resistance mutation, but not against wild-type EGFR. In this paper, we have evaluated the significant role of lazertinib in the treatment of NSCLC, compared with agents, such as osimertinib. We have analyzed the pharmacological benefits, clinical trial evidence, and interactions with the central nervous system (CNS), as well as its active role in first-line therapy beyond acquired resistance. The early-phase results are promising, but queries regarding resistance mechanisms and treatment protocols remain. We have conducted a detailed investigation of lazertinib’s therapeutic properties, its role in combination therapies, and its potential to improve treatment outcomes in EGFR-mutant NSCLC. We aimed to highlight both the opportunities and clinical uncertainties associated with lazertinib in cancer care.