One Readout, Many Terrains: Bilingual LLMs Do Not Share Concept Space at the Decision Level

Ask one bilingual language model the same open-ended question in two languages and it commits to different concepts: "choose a weather condition" settles on cloudy in Japanese and rainy in English, reproducibly. We show that bilingual LLMs do not share a concept space at the level of the committed decision — across 11 contexts, the chosen attractor agrees in only 2, exactly the level chance alone predicts and far from the near-total agreement a shared terrain implies; the temperature at which each decision collapses shows no detectable cross-language correspondence (ρ=+0.002, n=11). What is shared is the readout law: a gap law and a single-pass landscape prediction hold in both languages. We then show the language-specific terrain is a physical object in the residual stream: grafting a single vector transplants the attractor across languages, carrying its depth and surviving full sampled generation, while an agreement control never moves. What is shared is not the concept, but the mechanism that reads it.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-24
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21530893
Primary Topic
Language and cultural evolution
Type
preprint
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preprint

One Readout, Many Terrains: Bilingual LLMs Do Not Share Concept Space at the Decision Level

TQY Kobayashi
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Language and cultural evolution
preprint

One Readout, Many Terrains: Bilingual LLMs Do Not Share Concept Space at the Decision Level

TQY Kobayashi
preprint en

Abstract

Ask one bilingual language model the same open-ended question in two languages and it commits to different concepts: "choose a weather condition" settles on cloudy in Japanese and rainy in English, reproducibly. We show that bilingual LLMs do not share a concept space at the level of the committed decision — across 11 contexts, the chosen attractor agrees in only 2, exactly the level chance alone predicts and far from the near-total agreement a shared terrain implies; the temperature at which each decision collapses shows no detectable cross-language correspondence (ρ=+0.002, n=11). What is shared is the readout law: a gap law and a single-pass landscape prediction hold in both languages. We then show the language-specific terrain is a physical object in the residual stream: grafting a single vector transplants the attractor across languages, carrying its depth and surviving full sampled generation, while an agreement control never moves. What is shared is not the concept, but the mechanism that reads it.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Osaka University of Arts (JP)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Language and cultural evolution
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One Readout, Many Terrains: Bilingual LLMs Do Not Share Concept Space at the Decision Level — TQY Kobayashi · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS