Industrial Structure Optimization for Improving Multidimensional Land Use Performance: A Spatial Empirical Study of Zhejiang Province, China

Land and industrial systems form the cornerstone of regional sustainable development. Widespread misuse of land often accompanies industrial structure evolution (ISE), making the promotion of comprehensive land use benefits (LUB) a pivotal obstacle to regional sustainability. This study establishes an integrated framework to evaluate the dynamic characteristics of ISE and its interactive responses to multidimensional (ecological, social, and economic) LUB. The ISE assessment covers long-term changes in industrial investment, employment, and economic output, while LUB systematically integrates the ecological, social, and economic values of land resources. Combined with an enhanced genetic algorithm, a multi-objective optimization model is constructed and applied to 33 counties in Zhejiang Province, China. The results indicate that regional LUB exhibits obvious spatial heterogeneity and staged evolution from 2000 to 2020, with the regional industrial structure transforming from industrial-driven to service-oriented. The proposed model formulates targeted industrial adjustment pathways to resolve tertiary industry overinvestment and unbalanced secondary industry development. The optimization effectively promotes comprehensive land use sustainability, realizing differentiated regional progress including economic upgrading in the east, multidimensional coordination in the south, social benefit improvement in the north, and ecological sustainability promotion in the west. This study provides theoretical and practical references for high-quality regional sustainable development.