Translational laboratory medicine and interdisciplinary biomarker discovery in sepsis: bridging molecular insights and clinical decision-making

Abstract Sepsis remains a major global health burden characterized by high mortality and diagnostic uncertainty. Advances in laboratory medicine have made it a central field in translational biomarker discovery, integrating molecular biology, bioinformatics, and clinical sciences. This review summarizes recent evidence with a focus on the translational trajectory from biomarker identification to clinical implementation, including protein biomarkers, cellular biomarkers, and RNA profiling. Emphasis is placed on patient phenotyping approaches, multi-marker strategies, integrating multidimensional parameters from different biological systems by modern classifiers, and the evolving role of laboratory medicine as an interdisciplinary nucleus for improving sepsis diagnosis and prognostication.