Challenges and research needs in in-situ resource utilization for lunar base construction

In this perspective article, we review recent progress in In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) for lunar mining, particularly investigations derived from the Chang’e missions. We highlight the remaining challenges in ISRU development and emphasize the urgent need for dedicated research platforms to support space mining technologies. To address these needs, we propose an integrated testing system: the Lunar Surface Environment Simulator and Mechanical Testing System (LSES-MTS). This platform specifically focuses on analyzing the compressive strength, frictional, and thermomechanical properties of lunar regolith and rock, alongside conducting comprehensive drilling and excavation tests under simulated lunar conditions. The applicability of Earth-gravity experiments is also discussed, with emphasis on which ISRU-relevant processes require complementary reduced-gravity validation.