Special values of p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa $$\lambda $$-invariants of Dirichlet characters

Abstract We investigate the Iwasawa $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -invariant $$\lambda _p(\chi )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the p -adic L -function associated with a Dirichlet character $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> for odd primes p . Using special values of the p -adic L -function and its derivative, we derive novel and computationally efficient criteria to distinguish between the cases $$\lambda = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\lambda = 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\lambda = 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$\lambda \geqslant 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩾</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In particular, we study the case when the p -adic L -function vanishes at $$s=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Building on the results of Ferrero-Greenberg and of Gross-Koblitz, we establish explicit conditions for $$\lambda _p(\chi ) &gt;1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$\lambda _p(\chi ) &gt; 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Furthermore, we extend the methods of Ernvall-Metsänkylä and of Dummit et al. to calculate the $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -invariant. This is achieved by twisting $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> by characters $$\psi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> </mml:math> of p -power order and using the values of the p -adic L -function at $$s=2-p, \dots , 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mm

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Journal
Research in Number Theory
Published
2026-07-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40993-026-00762-x
Primary Topic
Analytic Number Theory Research
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article

Special values of p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa $$\lambda $$-invariants of Dirichlet characters

Heiko Knospe
Research in Number Theory
Analytic Number Theory Research
article

Special values of p-adic L-functions and Iwasawa $$\lambda $$-invariants of Dirichlet characters

Heiko Knospe
article en

Abstract

Abstract We investigate the Iwasawa $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -invariant $$\lambda _p(\chi )$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> of the p -adic L -function associated with a Dirichlet character $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> for odd primes p . Using special values of the p -adic L -function and its derivative, we derive novel and computationally efficient criteria to distinguish between the cases $$\lambda = 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\lambda = 1$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , $$\lambda = 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> , and $$\lambda \geqslant 3$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>⩾</mml:mo> <mml:mn>3</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . In particular, we study the case when the p -adic L -function vanishes at $$s=0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>0</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Building on the results of Ferrero-Greenberg and of Gross-Koblitz, we establish explicit conditions for $$\lambda _p(\chi ) &gt;1 $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>1</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> and $$\lambda _p(\chi ) &gt; 2$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:msub> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> </mml:msub> <mml:mrow> <mml:mo>(</mml:mo> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> <mml:mo>)</mml:mo> </mml:mrow> <mml:mo>&gt;</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> </mml:mrow> </mml:math> . Furthermore, we extend the methods of Ernvall-Metsänkylä and of Dummit et al. to calculate the $$\lambda $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>λ</mml:mi> </mml:math> -invariant. This is achieved by twisting $$\chi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>χ</mml:mi> </mml:math> by characters $$\psi $$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mi>ψ</mml:mi> </mml:math> of p -power order and using the values of the p -adic L -function at $$s=2-p, \dots , 0$$ <mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <mml:mrow> <mml:mi>s</mml:mi> <mml:mo>=</mml:mo> <mml:mn>2</mml:mn> <mml:mo>-</mml:mo> <mml:mi>p</mml:mi> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mml:mo>⋯</mml:mo> <mml:mo>,</mml:mo> <mm

Research in Number TheoryVol. 12(3)
TH Köln - University of Applied Sciences (DE)
Openalex Percentile: Top 3%
Analytic Number Theory Research
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