Utility of Serum Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor and Its Clinico-Histopathological Correlation With Cervical Cancer: A Tertiary Care Centre Study

Objective The present study was conducted to evaluate serum vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as a potential biomarker for cervical cancer and to assess its role as a prognostic factor by correlating serum VEGF levels with other clinicohistopathological parameters in patients with cervical cancer. Materials and methods Newly diagnosed patients with cervical cancer confirmed by histopathology in the Department of Pathology over a 12-month period were included in the study. Patients who had not undergone any prior treatment or surgery were enrolled. Serum samples were collected for VEGF estimation, and the analysis was performed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique in the Department of Pathology at Mahatma Gandhi Memorial Medical College and Maharaja Yeshwant Rao Holkar Hospital, Indore, India. Results A total of 50 patients were included during the study period. VEGF levels were higher than normal in patients with cervical cancer, with a mean value of 670.89 pg/mL. The VEGF levels increased significantly with tumor grade. However, no significant correlation was observed between VEGF levels and the histopathological type of the tumor. Conclusion The findings support the potential of serum VEGF as a non-invasive prognostic biomarker that may aid in stratifying patients according to disease severity and guiding individualized management strategies. Its significant correlation with tumor burden suggests that it could serve as a valuable tool for monitoring therapeutic response and disease progression. However, further large-scale, prospective, and longitudinal studies are required to validate its clinical utility and establish its role in routine practice.