The Forced Particle Content Beyond the Standard Model: New States Required by the G2 Structure and Their Convergence on a Single High Scale

A theory is tested less by what it reproduces than by what it requires. We set out the particle content the G2 framework forces beyond the Standard Model, derived from the representation structure rather than added by choice. The generation, embedded as 16 = 8s + 8c with each eight decomposing under G2 and colour, contains four singlets, among them a right-handed neutrino — absent from the minimal Standard Model and required for neutrino mass, which is observed. The quaternionic sector supplies a right-handed weak group SU(2)_R and its heavy gauge bosons. The third triality representation, 8v, decomposes into colour-triplet and colour-singlet scalars: the triplets are leptoquarks, which must be heavy to preserve proton stability and coincide with the mediators of the framework's already-stated proton decay; the singlets comprise the Standard Model Higgs and one further colour-singlet scalar, split from it by triality breaking. Together with the previously reported dark-sector candidate and axion, these constitute a definite extended spectrum. We note a striking internal consistency: four independent considerations — the seesaw scale implied by the neutrino mass, the leptoquark scale required by proton stability, the unification scale, and the right-handed breaking scale — all fall within one window near 10¹⁵⁻¹⁶ GeV. We are explicit that this is a convergence, not a derivation: the framework fixes the structure and the relations, while the absolute scale remains its single irreducible input.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21518421
Primary Topic
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Forced Particle Content Beyond the Standard Model: New States Required by the G2 Structure and Their Convergence on a Single High Scale

Vali Ilyas
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
preprint

The Forced Particle Content Beyond the Standard Model: New States Required by the G2 Structure and Their Convergence on a Single High Scale

Vali Ilyas
preprint en

Abstract

A theory is tested less by what it reproduces than by what it requires. We set out the particle content the G2 framework forces beyond the Standard Model, derived from the representation structure rather than added by choice. The generation, embedded as 16 = 8s + 8c with each eight decomposing under G2 and colour, contains four singlets, among them a right-handed neutrino — absent from the minimal Standard Model and required for neutrino mass, which is observed. The quaternionic sector supplies a right-handed weak group SU(2)_R and its heavy gauge bosons. The third triality representation, 8v, decomposes into colour-triplet and colour-singlet scalars: the triplets are leptoquarks, which must be heavy to preserve proton stability and coincide with the mediators of the framework's already-stated proton decay; the singlets comprise the Standard Model Higgs and one further colour-singlet scalar, split from it by triality breaking. Together with the previously reported dark-sector candidate and axion, these constitute a definite extended spectrum. We note a striking internal consistency: four independent considerations — the seesaw scale implied by the neutrino mass, the leptoquark scale required by proton stability, the unification scale, and the right-handed breaking scale — all fall within one window near 10¹⁵⁻¹⁶ GeV. We are explicit that this is a convergence, not a derivation: the framework fixes the structure and the relations, while the absolute scale remains its single irreducible input.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Kamloops Art Gallery (CA)
Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies
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