Deriving Schwarzschild and Kerr from the Einstein Equivalence Principle

This manuscript demonstrates that the Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics can be derived fundamentally from the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) without explicit reliance on the Einstein field equations. We show that the EEP implies a gravitational stretching of length in the direction of acceleration, a spatial counterpart to time dilation. In the static case, this effect yields the constraint g 00 g 11 = -1, from which the Schwarzschild solution is recovered by taking the Newtonian limit. For the stationary case, we employ oblate spheroidal coordinates and construct a physically motivated tetrad to implement the EP, introducing gravity through three unknown functions. By applying the EEP-induced constraints and showing that the principle requires the preservation of the spacetime volume determinant (g = g 0 ), the system is reduced to a single unknown function that yields the Kerr metric. These results suggest that classical tests of General Relativity are, at their core, fundamental validations of the EEP. We further argue that the EEP leads naturally to Unimodular Gravity, implying that the existence of the cosmological constant is a direct consequence of this foundational postulate.

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Publication Details

Journal
International Journal of Modern Physics D
Published
2026-07-23
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1142/s0218271826410117
Primary Topic
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

Deriving Schwarzschild and Kerr from the Einstein Equivalence Principle

G. Alencar
International Journal of Modern Physics D
Relativity and Gravitational Theory
article

Deriving Schwarzschild and Kerr from the Einstein Equivalence Principle

G. Alencar
article en

Abstract

This manuscript demonstrates that the Schwarzschild and Kerr metrics can be derived fundamentally from the Einstein Equivalence Principle (EEP) without explicit reliance on the Einstein field equations. We show that the EEP implies a gravitational stretching of length in the direction of acceleration, a spatial counterpart to time dilation. In the static case, this effect yields the constraint g 00 g 11 = -1, from which the Schwarzschild solution is recovered by taking the Newtonian limit. For the stationary case, we employ oblate spheroidal coordinates and construct a physically motivated tetrad to implement the EP, introducing gravity through three unknown functions. By applying the EEP-induced constraints and showing that the principle requires the preservation of the spacetime volume determinant (g = g 0 ), the system is reduced to a single unknown function that yields the Kerr metric. These results suggest that classical tests of General Relativity are, at their core, fundamental validations of the EEP. We further argue that the EEP leads naturally to Unimodular Gravity, implying that the existence of the cosmological constant is a direct consequence of this foundational postulate.

International Journal of Modern Physics D
Twitter (United States) (US)
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Relativity and Gravitational Theory
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Deriving Schwarzschild and Kerr from the Einstein Equivalence Principle — G. Alencar · International Journal of Modern Physics D (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS