Integration Challenges of Turbine-Powered UAVs: Thermal, Structural, Acoustic, and Operational Perspectives

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) increasingly demand higher flight speeds, longer endurance, improved payload capacity, and greater operational flexibility across a wide range of applications. While battery-electric propulsion systems dominate small UAV platforms, their limited energy density significantly constrains range and mission duration. Consequently, turbine-based propulsion systems, including micro turbojets, turboprops, turboshafts, and hybrid-electric gas turbine architectures, are attracting growing attention as alternatives for advanced UAV operations. Unlike previous reviews that primarily focus on propulsion technologies or individual subsystem performance, this review provides an integrated assessment of the multidisciplinary challenges associated with turbine-powered UAVs, encompassing thermal, structural, aerodynamic, acoustic, operational, and stealth considerations within a unified framework. The presented synthesis identifies current knowledge gaps and emerging research directions, providing a comprehensive reference for the design and development of next-generation turbine-powered unmanned aerial platforms.