Distribution network resilience enhancement with coordinated mobile V2G stations and electric vehicles from parking lots

Mobile vehicle-to-grid stations (MV2GSs) represent a new implementation of vehicle-to-grid (V2G), offering a promising approach for distribution network (DN) resilience enhancement. MV2GSs refer to movable facilities integrated with bidirectional chargers, which can be coordinated with electric vehicles (EVs) and deployed to designated locations to provide flexible V2G services. Since MV2GSs need to cooperate with EVs to realize V2G functions, the key issue is not only how to dispatch MV2GSs to appropriate locations, but also how to mobilize available EV resources to work with them. This gives rise to a coordinating problem of MV2GS deployment and EV sourcing. Thus, this paper proposes a resilience enhancement method for DNs based on emerging MV2GSs. The proposed method considers a coupled structure of parking lots, transportation network (TN) and DN, while accounting for the spatial distribution of urban parking lots, user response behavior, and the coupling relationship. Then, a two-stage model is developed to characterize the coordination between MV2GSs deployment and the participation of EVs from parking lots in post-disaster restoration. Finally, the method is validated using real-world urban parking lot data to investigate the impact of parking resource distribution on restoration strategies. Furthermore, sensitivity analyses on the number of MV2GSs and EV participation rates are conducted to reveal the marginal benefits of system recovery, thereby providing insights and guidance for enhancing DN resilience in realistic urban scenarios.