Molecular Additive Engineering for Process-Humidity Robustness and Reproducible Fabrication of Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules
High Resolution Image Download MS PowerPoint Slide The commercialization of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) faces significant challenges due to their sensitivity to environmental humidity, which compromises film crystallization and device stability. Here, we introduce diphenylvinylphosphine (DPVP) as a Lewis base additive that enhances the performance and reproducibility of PSCs fabricated under ambient-air conditions. DPVP suppresses moisture-induced defect formation and stabilizes crystallization within realistic process-humidity ranges (20–40% relative humidity) commonly encountered in laboratory and pilot-scale manufacturing environments. It improves film uniformity, reduces trap densities, and yields highly reproducible device performance, enabling champion PCEs of 24.2% in small-area devices and 20.5% in blade-coated 12 cm 2 mini-modules. Furthermore, DPVP-assisted modules exhibit enhanced stability, retaining over 85% of their initial efficiency after 900 h of maximum power point tracking (MPPT) at 65 °C. This study demonstrates a humidity-resilient and scalable additive strategy for ambient-air perovskite photovoltaic manufacturing.
Authors
- Tingting Zhu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-1379)
- Michael J. Heben (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3788-3471)
- Adam B. Phillips (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2675-5052)
- Sabin Neupane (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9151-6285)
- Zhaoning Song (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6677-0994)
- Muhammad Mohsin Saeed (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1245-9025)
- Abasi Abudulimu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1794-0993)
- Scott Wenner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2354-3617)
- Randy J. Ellingson (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9520-6586)
- Vamsi Borra (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0348-2044)
- Tamanna Mariam
- Seungmin Lee (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-2893)
- Yanfa Yan (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3977-5789)
- Jaehoon Chung (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3923-2971)
- Haoran Chen (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9851-9606)
- Sheng Fu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-5912-1145)
- Sahar Nazeer
- Abdulai Rabiu
- You Li
- Hyoung Woo Kwon
Institutions
- Youngstown State University (US)
- University of Toledo (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces
- Published
- 2026-07-23
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.6c09922
- Primary Topic
- Perovskite Materials and Applications
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00
Funders
- Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
- Air Force Research Laboratory