Physical activity, sleep pattern and problematic internet use in undergraduate health-sciences students of Nepal – A cross-sectional study

Unregulated internet use may contribute to problematic internet use (PIU), which impairs health in physical, emotional, social, and functional domains. Excessive use of digital media also bears the potential to affect sleep and physical activity levels, which in turn adversely affect overall well-being. However, evidence on these issues in Nepal is limited. This study investigated patterns of digital device use, sleep, and physical activity among undergraduate health-sciences students in Nepal, and examined the frequency and predictors of PIU. A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among 362 students (206 females; median age 21 years) during January to August 2023 using a semi-structured questionnaire. About a third students (30.45%) reported inadequate sleep and a similar number (33.43%) were physically inactive, with females being more inactive (47.57%) than males (14.74%). PIU was highly prevalent (57%) and was significantly associated with poor sleep quality, low physical activity, and prolonged device use. Multivariable analysis confirmed that sex, sleep quality, physical activity, and computer knowledge were independent predictors of PIU. These findings highlight that poor sleep, low activity and PIU are common and interrelated in Nepali health-sciences students. Addressing these behaviours is important for safeguarding the students' academic performance, mental health, and long-term well-being. Future research with a prospective study design including diverse sample could provide further insights into the complex relationship between PIU and its predictors.