Borophene-based materials for photocatalysis: emerging two-dimensional platforms for energy and environmental applications

Borophene has emerged as a promising two-dimensional material because of its tunable electronic properties, anisotropic structure, and highly reactive surface. This review highlights recent advances in borophene-based photocatalysts for hydrogen production and pollutant degradation under light irradiation. The relationships between borophene structure, charge-transfer behaviour, and photocatalytic activity are discussed, together with recent progress in synthesis, heterostructure engineering, current challenges, and future opportunities for sustainable energy and environmental applications.