Synthesis of Styrylphosphonic and β-Chloro-β-phenylvinylphosphonic Acids and Their Derivatives (A Review)

Abstract The presented review systematizes synthetic methods for styrylphosphonic and β-chloro-β-phenylvinylphosphonic acids and their derivatives over recent decades, driven by the growing interest in the practical applications of these target compounds. These applications include the synthesis of biologically active molecules, functional polymers, ion-exchange materials, and flotation ligands. The review covers classical approaches, such as direct phosphorylation of alkenes and alkynes with phosphorus pentachloride, the Perkow reaction, and the Wittig and Horner–Wadsworth–Emmons reactions. Particular attention is paid to modern catalytic methods involving cross-coupling, hydrophosphonylation, and reactions employing transition metals (Pd, Cu, Ni, Ag), which provide high regio- and stereoselectivity. The review demonstrates the evolution of synthetic methods from stoichiometric approaches to highly selective catalytic processes, highlighting current trends in organophosphorus chemistry.