Design of Experiments in Corrosion Research on Duplex Stainless Steels: A Systematic and Bibliometric Review

The corrosion behavior of duplex, superduplex, and hyperduplex stainless steels is influenced by complex interactions among compositional, microstructural, processing, and environmental variables. In this context, Design of Experiments (DOE) has been applied as a systematic approach to investigate such multivariate effects. This study presents a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) analyzing the application of DOE in corrosion studies involving duplex-family stainless steels. The review follows the PRISMA 2020 protocol and is structured using the CIMO framework. A total of 13 studies published between 2011 and 2025 were selected from the Scopus and Web of Science databases, and bibliometric analysis was conducted using the Bibliometrix package in R version 4.5.2 (2025-10-31 ucrt). The results show that DOE applications are concentrated on duplex and superduplex steels, with no studies addressing hyperduplex grades. Potentiodynamic polarization is the most frequently used technique, while Taguchi methods, Response Surface Methodology, and hybrid approaches combining DOE techniques with optimization or predictive modeling tools were among the most common methodologies identified. Most studies combine empirical modeling with qualitative interpretation, with limited integration of mechanistic and statistical approaches. Additionally, studies focus primarily on process parameters, with less emphasis on environmental variables and multi-response modeling. Taken together, this review identifies methodological research opportunities and outlines directions for strengthening the integration between statistical design and corrosion science.