Advancing New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) through the publication of negative results

The non-publication of negative or null results contributes to increased animal use in biomedical research and experimentation, by encouraging the unnecessary repetition of studies. This practice also delays the development, validation and uptake of alternative methods, including New Approach Methodologies (NAMs). This Comment article discusses that recognising and disseminating negative results is important, in terms of accelerating the implementation of alternative methods and supporting replacement , reduction and refinement (the Three Rs).