Conceptual Framework for the Implementation of Intelligent Microgrids in Emerging Markets

This study develops an evidence-based sustainability-readiness and screening-level techno-economic framework for intelligent microgrid implementation in emerging energy markets, using Bulgaria as an evidence-based national case application. It addresses the mismatch between renewable-energy expansion and slower progress in smart metering, distribution-grid observability, data interoperability, local flexibility and institutional coordination. The methodology combines functional benchmarking, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)-informed readiness assessment, normalized gap (GAP) measurement, intervention prioritization and an illustrative industrial-zone scenario. Denmark and Greece provide complementary references for digital-market maturity and territorial resilience. Distribution-grid observability, smart-meter deployment, digital interoperability and local flexibility are ranked as the leading deficits, and the four highest priorities remain stable under a ±20% weight perturbation. The scenario is explicitly screening-level: local self-consumption and peak-load reduction are assumptions rather than outputs of hourly battery dispatch. Under baseline assumptions, annual photovoltaic (PV) generation is estimated at 13,500 megawatt-hours per year (MWh/year), avoided emissions at 3686 tonnes of carbon dioxide per year (tCO2/year), and the simple payback period at 6.3 years. The framework links readiness evidence to intervention priorities and transparent screening outcomes.