A Prospectively Frozen Zero-Human LLM Measurement Design, and the Confirmatory Checkpoint That Rejected Its Instrument

This is a methods report of a rejected instrument: a prospectively frozen, zero-human, multi-family LLM content-analysis design whose fresh-data reliability checkpoint failed on all four coding dimensions at the start of the confirmatory run, halting the study before any hypothesis was tested. The case was to be a corpus-scale audit of natural theology's inferential chain — from a bare first cause to the God of Nicene Christianity — long discussed piecewise (the "gap problem," "ramified natural theology," "dwindling probabilities") but, so far as a structured prior-art sweep could determine, never measured as a whole. We introduce a witness-based criterion individuating the chain's dialectically separable steps, yielding a precommitted eight-step working partition whose factor count, for a fixed partition, is invariant under notational bundling; reading those factors as separately payable evidential burdens is defended, not derived. We designed, and prospectively froze under a hash-sealed local protocol, an audit of twenty-one issue-years (2004-2024) of the peer-reviewed philosophy-of-religion literature: 3,536 articles across eleven journals in three venue tiers, each article's step, direction, claim strength, and epistemic type of evidence to be coded by a fixed multi-family LLM instrument with zero human coding of corpus or checkpoint items, gated by a precommitted contamination-control battery. Two hypotheses were fixed in the sealed protocol: (1) among positive evidential claims, pro-side items are predominantly a priori and contra-side items predominantly empirical or historical (precommitted odds ratio >= 3); (2) positive evidential pro-side claims are more prevalent in confessionally affiliated venues than in mainstream ones. A precommitted kill criterion binds the symmetric case: a two-null result downgrades the project to a descriptive preprint with no journal claim. Neither hypothesis was tested. The precommitted checkpoint — 150 fresh, seed-drawn items, coded by three model families with three independent runs each — failed its dual statistic on all four dimensions: the point criterion on two (minimum pairwise Krippendorff's alpha .676-.736 against the .70 floor) and the bootstrap lower-bound criterion on all four (95% lower bounds .390-.650 against .667), with run-level determinism audits clean and the family-correlation watch untriggered. Under the frozen decision tree this halted all coding: the pilot reliability that licensed the instrument — flagged in the sealed plan itself as a selected estimate under optional stopping — did not survive contact with fresh data. The paper reports the design, the validation battery, the locked corpus infrastructure, and the complete precommitted trajectory ending in instrument rejection, as a methods contribution and a cautionary result for LLM-based content analysis: a precommitted fresh-data reliability checkpoint is cheap relative to a full run, and it does exactly what it is designed to do.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21481739
Primary Topic
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

A Prospectively Frozen Zero-Human LLM Measurement Design, and the Confirmatory Checkpoint That Rejected Its Instrument

Jaehoon Kang
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
preprint

A Prospectively Frozen Zero-Human LLM Measurement Design, and the Confirmatory Checkpoint That Rejected Its Instrument

Jaehoon Kang
preprint en

Abstract

This is a methods report of a rejected instrument: a prospectively frozen, zero-human, multi-family LLM content-analysis design whose fresh-data reliability checkpoint failed on all four coding dimensions at the start of the confirmatory run, halting the study before any hypothesis was tested. The case was to be a corpus-scale audit of natural theology's inferential chain — from a bare first cause to the God of Nicene Christianity — long discussed piecewise (the "gap problem," "ramified natural theology," "dwindling probabilities") but, so far as a structured prior-art sweep could determine, never measured as a whole. We introduce a witness-based criterion individuating the chain's dialectically separable steps, yielding a precommitted eight-step working partition whose factor count, for a fixed partition, is invariant under notational bundling; reading those factors as separately payable evidential burdens is defended, not derived. We designed, and prospectively froze under a hash-sealed local protocol, an audit of twenty-one issue-years (2004-2024) of the peer-reviewed philosophy-of-religion literature: 3,536 articles across eleven journals in three venue tiers, each article's step, direction, claim strength, and epistemic type of evidence to be coded by a fixed multi-family LLM instrument with zero human coding of corpus or checkpoint items, gated by a precommitted contamination-control battery. Two hypotheses were fixed in the sealed protocol: (1) among positive evidential claims, pro-side items are predominantly a priori and contra-side items predominantly empirical or historical (precommitted odds ratio >= 3); (2) positive evidential pro-side claims are more prevalent in confessionally affiliated venues than in mainstream ones. A precommitted kill criterion binds the symmetric case: a two-null result downgrades the project to a descriptive preprint with no journal claim. Neither hypothesis was tested. The precommitted checkpoint — 150 fresh, seed-drawn items, coded by three model families with three independent runs each — failed its dual statistic on all four dimensions: the point criterion on two (minimum pairwise Krippendorff's alpha .676-.736 against the .70 floor) and the bootstrap lower-bound criterion on all four (95% lower bounds .390-.650 against .667), with run-level determinism audits clean and the family-correlation watch untriggered. Under the frozen decision tree this halted all coding: the pilot reliability that licensed the instrument — flagged in the sealed plan itself as a selected estimate under optional stopping — did not survive contact with fresh data. The paper reports the design, the validation battery, the locked corpus infrastructure, and the complete precommitted trajectory ending in instrument rejection, as a methods contribution and a cautionary result for LLM-based content analysis: a precommitted fresh-data reliability checkpoint is cheap relative to a full run, and it does exactly what it is designed to do.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Quality Education
Publishing and Scholarly Communication
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.