Optimizing Working Unit Parameters and Structural-Technological Scheme for Crumbling Compacted and Stony Soils

The article presents the results of research on the justification of the working unit parameters and the structural scheme of the chisel for loosening stubble fields. It was established that, according to the criterion of minimum draft resistance, the optimal installation angles are 20–24 degrees to the bottom of the furrow at a working share width of 40–50 mm. The calculated values of the share installation angles were verified on a laboratory setup, and the results confirmed the theoretical calculations. Based on the quality of loosening of the worked layer and the preservation of stubble, the shank width should be 20–30 mm, the share width 40–50 mm, and the share installation angle 20–24 degrees. The shank should be equipped with a safety mechanism to prevent breaking or bending. The results of research on different leveling device options are presented, and the structural–technological scheme, main parameters, and operating modes of the tool for chiseling compacted stubble fields are substantiated. Dependencies of the treatment quality on the parameters of the loosening working units, the leveling device, and the operating speed of the implement were obtained. Based on the justified parameters, an experimental prototype of the soil chiseling machine was manufactured and field tests were conducted under production conditions on stubble fields.