Metamorphosis through stakeholder behaviour: a validated behavioural framework for circular economy adoption in C&D waste management

Purpose Circular Economy (CE) adoption in construction and demolition (C&D) waste management is strongly influenced by stakeholder behaviour. However, these behavioural determinants have not been comprehensively examined. Therefore, this paper aims to address this gap by developing a behaviour-focused framework that supports this metamorphosis, linking CE adoption in C&D waste management with the creation of safe and sustainable environments. Design/methodology/approach A systematic literature review of 92 articles was conducted to identify behavioural constructs, indicators and interventions influence the adoption of CE. Based on the theory of planned behaviour (TPB) and norm activation model (NAM), these elements were integrated to develop a behaviour focused framework. The framework is validated through interviews with 12 experts in Victoria, Australia, analysed using frequency based thematic analysis. Policy triangulation was carried out by systematically comparing the validate constructs and interventions against national and Victorian policy documents. Findings The framework comprises seven constructs, 31 indicators and 41 interventions, including 12 indicators and 21 interventions newly validated by experts. Key behavioural drivers include cost perception, regulatory pressure, capability factors, moral commitment and long-term environmental awareness, supported by aligned policy, economic, technological and certification interventions. Policy triangulation indicates only partial alignment, suggesting stakeholder behaviour remains insufficiently embedded in current CE approaches. Originality/value The proposed framework identifies constructs, indicators and interventions that influence design phase behaviour, which can be used to support material choices, reduce waste generation and promote safer, more sustainable facilities.