Development of a Value Clarification Technique (VCT) Learning Model Based on Tunjuk Ajar Melayu to Strengthen Civic Skills Among Senior High School Students in Riau Province, Indonesia

<ns5:p> Background Civic skills constitute a foundational competency in Indonesian Pendidikan Kewarganegaraan (PKn), yet secondary school students in Riau Province demonstrate persistently limited proficiency in civic knowledge, civic dispositions, and civic participation. Existing instructional models inadequately leverage regional cultural resources — notably Tunjuk Ajar Melayu, the traditional Malay wisdom corpus — as a pedagogical foundation for value-based civic education. Objective This study aimed to develop, validate, and evaluate the effectiveness of a Value Clarification Technique (VCT) learning model integrating Tunjuk Ajar Melayu — the traditional Malay wisdom corpus documented by Tenas Effendy — as the primary civic value source for PKn instruction among senior high school students in Riau Province. Method A research and development (R&amp;D) design using the ADDIE model was combined with a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test control group design. Participants comprised 140 Grade XI students (70 experimental, 70 control) from four senior high schools in Riau Province. Civic skills were measured using the Civic Skills Scale for Riau Secondary Students (CSS-RSS), a 30-item instrument validated through expert judgment and confirmatory factor analysis. Expert validity of the VCT-TAM model was assessed using a structured rating scale by content and instructional design experts. Results The VCT-TAM model demonstrated high expert validity (content M = 3.79/4.00; media M = 3.74/4.00). Students in the experimental group exhibited a significant improvement in overall civic skills compared to the control group (F(1, 137) = 52.14, p &lt; .001, partial η <ns5:sup>2</ns5:sup> = .28, d = 0.82). Subscale analyses revealed differential effect sizes: civic dispositions (d = 0.88), civic participation (d = 0.76), and civic knowledge (d = 0.71). Conclusion The VCT-TAM model effectively strengthens civic skills among senior high school students in Riau Province. The findings provide an empirically anchored framework for integrating indigenous Malay wisdom into formal civic education, with implications for culturally responsive curriculum design across Indonesia’s culturally diverse provinces. </ns5:p>