Enhanced Hydration Lubrication of Ultrahigh Molecular Weight Polyethylene/Halloysite Nanotubes Composites with Embedded Polymer Brushes

), representing reductions of 52.9% and 66.2%, respectively, compared to pristine UHMWPE. Mechanical properties, including compressive strength, modulus, and hardness, were also improved due to the reinforcing effect of well-dispersed HNTs. The integrated PSPMK brushes embedded throughout the bulk material ensure persistent hydration lubrication even after surface wear. This work provides a promising material design for next-generation long-lasting artificial joints with combined high strength and superior lubrication.