Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of Sudanese medical professionals regarding the 2023 Sudan malaria treatment protocol: a cross-sectional study

Abstract Introduction Malaria remains a major public health challenge in Sudan, primarily driven by Plasmodium falciparum. Timely and effective case management is critical, necessitating high adherence to the newly issued Sudan Malaria Case Management Protocol 2023. This study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and current practices of Sudanese medical professionals regarding this 2023 protocol. Methodology This was a cross-sectional analytical study conducted in 2024–2025. A convenience sample of 371 currently practicing Sudanese medical professionals was recruited and surveyed. Data were analyzed to identify levels of awareness and adherence, as well as the major barriers to protocol implementation. Results High awareness was reported, with 67.9% of participants knowing about the 2023 protocol. Knowledge of first-line treatments was strong, with 93.5% correctly identifying Artemether-Lumefantrine for uncomplicated malaria and 83.0% correctly identifying Intravenous Artesunate for severe malaria. However, a significant gap in formal training was observed: 69.5% of participants reported no formal training on the new protocol. Furthermore, only 41.5% reported "always" adhering to the protocol in their practice. The major reported barriers included lack of formal training (55.8%) and lack of resources (53.4%). Conclusion Although the 2023 protocol is well-regarded as an improvement, and knowledge of key recommendations is high, its potential is limited by significant implementation challenges. Translating awareness into effective clinical practice requires immediate, comprehensive interventions, including structured training and addressing resource shortages.