The Kinematic Limit of the Periodic Table. Why oganesson is the last and element 119 does not form.

From a single axiom — E_ex + E_unex = mc² = constant — follows a sharp limit on the atomic number. When the exposed energy equals the reserve, the velocity of the 1s electron reaches (√3/2)·c ≈ 0.866c; beyond it no reserve remains to hold the structure. Since v₁s = Z·α·c, the existence condition is Z·α < √3/2, that is Z < 118.68. Oganesson (Z = 118, v₁s = 0.861c) lies just below the limit and therefore exists but lives very briefly; element 119 (v₁s = 0.868c) exceeds it and does not form as an atom. The same limit — seven levels, one hundred and eighteen elements — follows from five independent routes: kinematic, harmonic, logarithmic, from the capacities, and topological. The prediction is binary and falsifiable: a single nucleus of element 119 with the signature of a formed atom refutes the entire framework.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-07-22
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21492025
Primary Topic
History and advancements in chemistry
Type
preprint
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preprint

The Kinematic Limit of the Periodic Table. Why oganesson is the last and element 119 does not form.

Shpetim Nazarko
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
History and advancements in chemistry
preprint

The Kinematic Limit of the Periodic Table. Why oganesson is the last and element 119 does not form.

Shpetim Nazarko
preprint en

Abstract

From a single axiom — E_ex + E_unex = mc² = constant — follows a sharp limit on the atomic number. When the exposed energy equals the reserve, the velocity of the 1s electron reaches (√3/2)·c ≈ 0.866c; beyond it no reserve remains to hold the structure. Since v₁s = Z·α·c, the existence condition is Z·α < √3/2, that is Z < 118.68. Oganesson (Z = 118, v₁s = 0.861c) lies just below the limit and therefore exists but lives very briefly; element 119 (v₁s = 0.868c) exceeds it and does not form as an atom. The same limit — seven levels, one hundred and eighteen elements — follows from five independent routes: kinematic, harmonic, logarithmic, from the capacities, and topological. The prediction is binary and falsifiable: a single nucleus of element 119 with the signature of a formed atom refutes the entire framework.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Affordable and clean energy
History and advancements in chemistry
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