Development and Material Characterization of Graphene Nanoparticle‐Reinforced <scp>PETG</scp> and <scp>PLA</scp> Filaments for High‐Performance <scp>3D</scp> Printing Applications

ABSTRACT The technique of additive manufacturing, or AM, uses constituents such as porcelain, polymers, metallic compounds, and titanium, as well as composites, to create products with complex designs and precise characteristics. The current work examines how graphene infill affects the mechanical and dynamic properties of composites made of polylactic acid (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG) using the method of additive manufacturing. To assess its impact on tensile, compressive, flexural, and modal characteristics, graphene was added at different weight percentages. The study revealed that the incorporation of 1 wt.% graphene improved the tensile strength of PETG by 1.15% and increased its compressive strength by 1.54% compared with neat PETG. Similarly, PLA reinforced with 1 wt.% graphene exhibited an improvement in compressive strength by 0.39% compared with neat PLA, while maintaining tensile and flexural properties comparable to the base material. Modal analysis demonstrated an increase in the third‐mode natural frequency from 562.3 Hz to 568.1 Hz for PETG and from 532.2 Hz to 544.4 Hz for PLA with 1 wt.% graphene, indicating enhanced stiffness and vibration resistance. Microscopic and SEM observations confirmed improved filler–matrix interaction, reduced void content, and enhanced stress‐transfer capability at 1 wt.% graphene loading.