Cross-validation of verbal fluency measures as embedded performance validity tests in a clinical sample

= 73). Classification accuracy was examined for COWAT and Animal Naming raw scores, demographically adjusted T-scores, and two previously published logistic regression models. Both verbal fluency measures significantly differentiated credible from non-credible groups. Optimal indices utilized COWAT raw scores, either alone or when embedded within the logistic regression formula. Findings support verbal fluency measures as efficient embedded, non-memory-based PVTs.