Comparing economic and environmental sustainability of organic and conventional kiwifruit cultivation in the eastern Himalayas: a mixed-method approach

Purpose This study examines the economic and environmental sustainability of organic and conventional kiwifruit cultivation in Arunachal Pradesh, a state in the Eastern Himalayan Region. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on primary data collected from 136 kiwifruit growers across two districts in Arunachal Pradesh. A mixed-method approach was used, combining cost–benefit analysis with interview excerpts and information from focus group discussions. Findings Net present value and benefit–cost ratio are higher for organic kiwifruit cultivation compared to conventional cultivation. The environmental sustainability assessment reveals that kiwifruit increases land cover, reduces soil erosion and is a water-efficient crop. Research limitations/implications The study establishes the economic and environmental sustainability of kiwifruit cultivation, as well as its potential for value addition and subsequent income generation. As a result, smallholder farmers in similar agroclimatic areas can be encouraged to diversify and engage in kiwifruit production and related entrepreneurial activities. Originality/value A gap exists in the literature on the economic returns from kiwifruit as a diversification strategy and on comparative viability between organic and conventional growers in mountain regions.