Exploring the Anticancer Potential of Monoterpenes: Mechanistic Basis and Synergistic Effects

Cancer, marked by uncontrolled cell growth and the ability to spread to other tissues, remains a growing global health challenge. Natural compounds are gaining attention in cancer treatment for their potential to improve therapeutic outcomes and reduce harmful side effects. Recent studies have shown that these compounds can improve treatment outcomes while minimizing side effects. Among these, monoterpenes have shown promising anticancer properties, making them valuable candidates for cancer therapy.Due to their wide range of biological activities and natural abundance, monoterpenes are increasingly being explored as promising agents in cancer treatment. Research has shown that monoterpenes can boost the efficacy of conventional anticancer therapies by modulating key signaling pathways and cellular processes. Although preclinical studies strongly support the potential of monoterpenes in cancer therapy, several challenges limit their clinical application such as toxicity and low bioavailability. Continued research on structural modifications and advanced delivery systems is essential to fully realize their therapeutic potential in clinical settings. This review explores the effects of monoterpenes on cancer cells, their potential in combination therapies, the limitations associated with their clinical use, and future directions for their therapeutic development.