Modeling Cosmological Objects admitting Multi-Directional Fluid Composition and Implications of Non-Conserved Gravity

This paper explores the cosmological implications of the non-conserved theory of gravity within the context of a static spherical fluid content incorporating the effects of the electric charge. The analysis starts off with the derivation of modified field equations. To facilitate their analytical solutions, two specific choices for the radial metric potential are employed, each simplifying the field equations into a more tractable form. In both scenarios, the integration of the resulting differential equations yields solutions featuring arbitrary constants, which are subsequently found by smoothly matching of interior metric with exterior Reissner-Nordström solution across a spherical hypersurface. Additionally, the physical requirement of vanishing radial pressure at the boundary is imposed. Afterwards, we explore specific constraints under which the derived compact models retain physical validity. By analyzing observational data from the X-ray binary system 4U 1820-30 and incorporating a range of parametric inputs, we assess the behavior of the proposed solutions through graphical representations. Notably, unlike conventional conservative theories, Rastall's gravity allows the energy-momentum tensor to exchange energy with the gravitational field, providing a minimal phenomenological avenue to incorporate quantum field effects in curved backgrounds. Its novelty lies in maintaining second-order field equations without extra degrees of freedom, thereby offering a transparent parametric control over the degree of non-conservation through the Rastall parameter. Conclusively, our findings demonstrate that both models meet the required physical conditions for certain choices of parameters in this modified theory.