A Reinterpretation of the Tired Light Hypothesis: An Argument for Resolving Olbers' Paradox Proposing and Quantitatively Examining a Photon Energy Attenuation Model Based on Single-Photon Theory

Olbers’ Paradox is the classical contradiction that, in an infinite, static universe with stars uniformly distributed, the night sky should be as bright as a stellar surface. Standard cosmology (ΛCDM) resolves this through the universe’s finite age and cosmic expansion. This paper reconstructs the tired-light hypothesis proposed by Fritz Zwicky (1929) within the framework of Single-Photon Theory, presenting an alternative mechanism that explains why the night sky is dark in an infinite, static universe without assuming cosmic expansion. The model defines the photon as a three-dimensional helical particle that loses energy through hydrodynamic-like interaction with a single-photon medium pervading spacetime. Under this assumption, redshift increases exponentially with distance, and the total observed flux converges to a finite value, avoiding Olbers’ Paradox. Furthermore, the model examines responses to classical objections such as the Tolman surface-brightness test, Type Ia supernova time dilation, and the CMB blackbody spectrum, positioning this work as an interim report inviting peer-level feedback from the scientific community.