Black Locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) Wood: A Review of Material Properties, Characterization, and Industrial Potential in Europe

Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.) has become an increasingly important tree species in Europe due to its rapid growth, adaptability and potential to provide durable timber under changing climatic conditions. This paper presents a review of the European specialty literature concerning the silviculture, utilization, anatomical structure, chemical composition, main physical properties, mechanical properties and technological processing of black locust wood. Particular attention is given to the relationship between wood characteristics and possible industrial applications. The literature survey indicates that black locust trees perform well on drought-prone and sandy sites and produce timber with favourable mechanical properties. Together with its durability, relatively low shrinkage, good dimensional stability, and satisfactory machinability, these attributes support its use in both indoor and outdoor products. In addition, thermal modification and appropriate drying techniques can further enhance the wood’s appearance and service performance, increasing its competitiveness as a sustainable alternative to tropical hardwood species. The synthesis of existing research highlights the significant yet still underexploited potential of black locust for the European wood industry and emphasizes the need for continued research and wider industrial promotion of the species.