An Integrated Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Mangrove Tidal Creeks: Trophic Transfer and Ecological Risk

Mangrove tidal creeks are highly productive ecosystems that can accumulate heavy metals from natural and anthropogenic sources, posing potential risks to aquatic organisms and ecosystem health. This study aims to assess the occurrence, distribution, trophic transfer, and ecological risk of heavy metals in mangrove tidal creeks of Darwin Harbour. Water, sediment, primary producers, invertebrates, and fish will be sampled across multiple sites and seasons. Heavy metal concentrations will be quantified using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), while stable isotope analysis (δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N) will be used to determine trophic relationships and evaluate biomagnification through the food web. Ecological risk will be assessed by comparing measured concentrations with Australian and New Zealand water and sediment quality guidelines. The findings will provide baseline information on heavy metal contamination in Darwin Harbour mangrove ecosystems, improve understanding of contaminant transfer through mangrove food webs, and support evidence-based management and conservation of coastal environments.