Novel mycelium-based composites with enhanced physico-mechanical properties, as sustainable alternatives for packaging applications

Mycelium-based composites (MBCs) are produced through a combination of fungi and lignocellulosic materials. Identifying novel combinations of fungi and lignocellulosic waste is crucial for exploring new material properties. In this study, MBCs were prepared with strains of Ganoderma orbiforme and Lentinus squarrosulus from Sri Lanka, using three different types of locally sourced lignocellulosic substrates, including Cocos nucifera sawdust, Mangifera indica sawdust, and coir pith derived from coconut husk. Mycelium inoculum grown on rice seeds was introduced to organic substrates and incubated at 28 °C for 30 d. The resulting composites were separated from the container, dried at 80 °C, and characterised for physicochemical, and microscopic properties. Results indicated that the produced MBCs exhibit properties equivalent to or superior to those of expanded polystyrene (EPS). The Ashby chart generated revealed that MBCs possess properties comparable to cork and other low-density foams, making them suitable for insulating, cushioning, and packaging applications. Among the combinations tested, MBCs made with coir pith and coconut sawdust proved to be the most effective, eco-friendly alternatives to protective packaging.