What Shapes Perceived Patient Understanding in Dysphagia and Voice Care? A Survey of Barriers and Facilitators

Background/Objectives: Patient understanding during healthcare appointments is essential for positive health outcomes and effective healthcare delivery. There is limited research exploring patient understanding for patients with swallowing difficulties (dysphagia) and voice disorders, where treatment engagement is often low. Dysphagia and voice disorders can affect communication, nutrition, and quality of life; therefore, it is essential to understand how to support this population effectively. This exploratory study aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to perceived patient understanding in clinical settings. Methods: A survey was administered to adults receiving assessment results for dysphagia or voice disorders from a speech–language pathologist or laryngologist at outpatient clinics in Ontario, Canada. The survey included demographics, health literacy levels (HLS19) and facilitators and barriers to comprehension. Descriptive statistics and content analysis were used to summarize responses. Results: Twenty-nine participants completed the survey (mean age of 64; 38% identifying as women). Facilitators to perceived understanding included the use of clear language (83%), being encouraged to ask questions (76%), and prior knowledge of their condition (59%). Reported barriers included rushing (28%), using a fast rate of speech (21%), and receiving short explanations (17%). Additionally, emotional and environmental factors such as the clinic atmosphere (55%) and the nature of assessment results (45%) influenced perceived patient comprehension. Conclusions: These findings suggest the need for consistent use of patient-centered communication strategies. Recommendations for clinicians include slowing speech, avoiding medical jargon, encouraging patient questions, incorporating visual aids, and creating a supportive environment. Implementing these strategies may improve understanding and health outcomes for patients with dysphagia and voice disorders.