The Challenges of Inclusive Education: Learning from Global Practices

The global spotlight is now on inclusive education, aiming to ensure that every individual, regardless of their background, has equal educational opportunities. This review article aims to raise awareness about the challenges of establishing an effective, inclusive learning environment that caters to all students, incorporating diverse global approaches. Systematic literature reviews were conducted through field research publications based on the Scopus database over the past 10 years. Analysing 48 research articles revealed inconsistencies between legislative measures and their implementation. Additionally, variations in the interpretation of inclusive education were observed, creating obstacles to implementing inclusive education at the systemic policy level. At the educational institution level, inadequate skills and knowledge of school principals and teachers hinder their efforts to provide students with inclusive services. The findings also highlight the critical role of support systems in sustaining inclusive practices and community support. Identifying obstacles within various global inclusive education practices can offer valuable insights for developing more impactful inclusive education strategies across diverse settings.