Clean combustion optimization of hydrogen-algae biodiesel mixtures for performance-emission trade-offs using response surface methodology

The research investigation of RSM optimization to analyze the impact of load, Algae Biodiesel blend and Hydrogen concentration on engine performance and exhaust gas emissions in diesel engine produces 5.2 kW at 1500 rpm. The testing process involved injecting B20 biodiesel blend into the combustion cylinder and introducing hydrogen complete the intake manifold. The objective of this study investigates the effect of engine load, algae biodiesel blend and hydrogen flow rate on the performance, combustion and emission characteristics of a diesel engine using RSM for optimization. The experimental results reveal, the BTE will be enhanced by an increase in hydrogen concentration in the B20 compound. In comparison to the base B20, the BTE was increased by 29.89% by the mixture B20 with 9 LPM, resulting in a 18.8% improvement. In the same, this concentration demonstrates 25.38% decrease in BSFC when contrasted with the B20 combination. At Higher concentration of hydrogen, CO and HC emissions decreases 20% and 10.11% respectively, while NOx emissions increase by 36% and smoke opacity decreased by 17% respectively. The engine parameters were optimised using RSM with Central Composite Design and a desirability function. The analysis determined that the most effective combination was B20 biodiesel blended with 9 LPM hydrogen. Among the evaluated conditions for CI engine operation, this blend attained the highest overall desirability. The research is directly support to Sustainable Development Goals, SDG 7 - Affordable and Clean Energy and SDG 13- Climate Action, by promoting cleaner, renewable and low-emission energy solutions for future transportation.