Knowledge Regarding Factors Contributing to Severe Acute Malnutrition and the Lived Experiences of Parents With Children Admitted in a Nutritional Rehabilitation Center in Gujarat, India: A Pilot Study

Background: Acute malnutrition remains a major global public health concern, affecting millions of children under five years of age and contributing significantly to child morbidity and mortality. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM), the most critical form, is strongly associated with inadequate dietary practices, poor awareness, and socio-economic constraints. Objective: The objective of this study is to assess parental knowledge regarding factors contributing to SAM and to explore the lived experiences of parents of children admitted to a nutritional rehabilitation centre in western India. Methods: A mixed-methods research design was adopted, integrating quantitative and qualitative approaches. A total of 40 parents of under-five children were selected using purposive sampling. Data were collected using a semi-structured knowledge questionnaire and open-ended interview schedules. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, while qualitative responses were examined through thematic analysis. Results: The mean knowledge score was 9.25 ± 0.47 out of 20 (46.25%), indicating poor awareness among parents regarding factors contributing to SAM. Qualitative findings revealed significant gaps in breastfeeding practices, complementary feeding, and overall nutritional awareness. Cultural beliefs and social stigma associated with formula feeding, along with misconceptions regarding complementary foods, were commonly observed. Additionally, financial constraints, low socio-economic status, and limited access to nutritional education emerged as key contributing factors. Parents also reported emotional stress and financial burden during the child's hospitalization. These findings emphasize the need for targeted nutritional education and community-based interventions. Conclusion: The study highlights inadequate parental knowledge and the influence of socio-cultural and economic factors in the development of SAM. There is a critical need for targeted health education programs and community-based interventions to improve awareness, promote appropriate feeding practices, and reduce the burden of SAM.