A lightweight, integrated generative AI assistant for accelerated early-stage drug discovery on constrained-resource hardware

drug-like molecules, but current computational approaches are fragmented across multiple tools and require enterprise-grade hardware, thus creating a sort of "computational divide" that excludes many academic groups and smaller laboratories. We introduce in this study a unified end-to-end Generative AI Assistant, specifically designed for constrained hardware environments, optimized to run on widely available consumer-grade GPUs like the NVIDIA GTX 1650 with 4 GB VRAM. With our system, we integrated a lightweight LSTM-based generative model using SELFIES tokenization to ensure 100% syntactic validity, a multi-task XGBoost classifier for toxicity prediction across 12 biological assays, hybrid property prediction with molecular fingerprints, and an API-based module for 3D protein structure prediction via ESMFold. Using benchmark testing, we have established a robust performance level with a reliable convergence of our generative model in conjunction with an overall decrease in training loss from 2.15 to 1.19 and a stable validation loss of 1.43, as well as a weighted average AUC of 0.790 for our toxicity classifier. Toxic-class recall significantly increased after threshold tuning, improving the framework's appropriateness for early-stage safety screening applications. In addition, the analysis of chemical space validates the model's ability to generate previously unexplored novel molecules that possess desirable drug-like characteristics (mean LogP = 2.04) and to enhance safety, we are integrating both ML-based toxicity screening and a rule-based PAINS filtering into a novel hybrid prototype. As an additional contribution to overall accessibility, we also developed and tested a CPU fallback feature to allow for automatic fallback of the generative model in instances of hardware incompatibility. Together these contributions enable the efficient and cost-effective democratization of modern drug discovery workflows on affordable hardware (93% reduction in infrastructure costs) without sacrificing the scientific integrity or predictive capability of our developed models.

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Publication Details

Journal
Scientific Reports
Published
2026-07-18
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-026-61237-8
Primary Topic
Computational Drug Discovery Methods
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
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article

A lightweight, integrated generative AI assistant for accelerated early-stage drug discovery on constrained-resource hardware

Keshav Kaushik, Tarandeep Kaur Bhatia, Renu Kumawat, Varun Singh Thakur
Scientific Reports
Computational Drug Discovery Methods
article

A lightweight, integrated generative AI assistant for accelerated early-stage drug discovery on constrained-resource hardware

Keshav Kaushik, Tarandeep Kaur Bhatia, Renu Kumawat, Varun Singh Thakur
article en

Abstract

drug-like molecules, but current computational approaches are fragmented across multiple tools and require enterprise-grade hardware, thus creating a sort of "computational divide" that excludes many academic groups and smaller laboratories. We introduce in this study a unified end-to-end Generative AI Assistant, specifically designed for constrained hardware environments, optimized to run on widely available consumer-grade GPUs like the NVIDIA GTX 1650 with 4 GB VRAM. With our system, we integrated a lightweight LSTM-based generative model using SELFIES tokenization to ensure 100% syntactic validity, a multi-task XGBoost classifier for toxicity prediction across 12 biological assays, hybrid property prediction with molecular fingerprints, and an API-based module for 3D protein structure prediction via ESMFold. Using benchmark testing, we have established a robust performance level with a reliable convergence of our generative model in conjunction with an overall decrease in training loss from 2.15 to 1.19 and a stable validation loss of 1.43, as well as a weighted average AUC of 0.790 for our toxicity classifier. Toxic-class recall significantly increased after threshold tuning, improving the framework's appropriateness for early-stage safety screening applications. In addition, the analysis of chemical space validates the model's ability to generate previously unexplored novel molecules that possess desirable drug-like characteristics (mean LogP = 2.04) and to enhance safety, we are integrating both ML-based toxicity screening and a rule-based PAINS filtering into a novel hybrid prototype. As an additional contribution to overall accessibility, we also developed and tested a CPU fallback feature to allow for automatic fallback of the generative model in instances of hardware incompatibility. Together these contributions enable the efficient and cost-effective democratization of modern drug discovery workflows on affordable hardware (93% reduction in infrastructure costs) without sacrificing the scientific integrity or predictive capability of our developed models.

Scientific Reports
Manipal University Jaipur, Sharda University (IN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Computational Drug Discovery Methods
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