Comparing TCIM use and patient satisfaction in germany: impact of health self-management across migration backgrounds

PURPOSE: Cultural background and migration experiences shape health behavior, use of traditional, complementary and integrative medicine (TCIM), and trust in physicians. This study examines how these factors interact in patients in Germany and whether health self-management modifies these relationships. The goal is to inform culturally sensitive, patient-centered care. METHODS: Between October and December 2023, 375 patients were surveyed in a monocentric primary care study using an anonymous questionnaire assessing migration background, use of TCIM, health self-management, trust in physicians, and relevant sociodemographic characteristics. RESULTS: A total of 375 patients participated (mean age 50.3 years, 54.5% female), with 19.5% reporting a migration background. Overall patient activation was moderate to high (M = 2.86-3.66, SD = 0.55-0.92), with no significant differences between natives and migrants (Cohen's d = 0.067, Hedges' g = 0.067, Glass' Δ = 0.050). Physical exercise (75.2%), other vitamins/dietary supplements (40.5%), and relaxation techniques (10.9%) were the most frequently used TCIM methods, while mistletoe (1.1%), probiotics (6.1%), acupuncture/acupressure (3.2%), and Reiki (3.2%) were rarely applied. Patient satisfaction was high across all participants (mean range 5.42-6.08 on a 7-point Likert scale), with natives reporting slightly higher scores for general satisfaction and trust in physician competence. CONCLUSION: Patient activation was moderate to high, with no significant differences between native-born and migrant participants. Lifestyle-oriented TCIM methods were used most frequently, with little difference in usage. Overall patient satisfaction was high, although migrants reported slightly lower confidence and satisfaction. These findings underscore the need for culturally sensitive measures to promote equitable healthcare.