Role of Graphene-Based Nanostructures in Biosensing and Biomedicine

In 2004, the separation of single layer from highly oriented pyrolytic graphite via mechanical exfoliation method to obtained two-dimensional graphene nanosheets by A. K. Geim and K. S. Novoselov was a Nobel winning research work, revealed the extraordinary material properties and capabilities of atomic-level thin graphene nanosheets. The large active surface area, high mechanical durability, and superior thermal and electrical conductivities of graphene sheets make its suitable to interact with foreign nanomaterials that open exciting research avenues in the biosensing and biomedical application field, including mapping, precise drug delivery, and gene therapy. Over the past few decades, application based research in the field of two-dimensional nanosheets and its nanocomposites have grown tremendously and opens new possible effective path in the field of biosensing and biomedicine. In this review, a comprehensive study of the role of graphene based nanocomposites in the field of electrochemical biosensing and biomedicine. Furthermore, we focus on the superior properties and advancement in graphene-based biosensors in respect of available alternatives, and we discuss future prospects for the possible advancement of graphene-based electrochemical sensors in the biomedical field.