Experiences and perceptions of pharmacological treatment of obesity among primary health care physicians in Sweden: a qualitative content analysis study

BACKGROUND: High body mass index (BMI) accounts for approximately 7% of total mortality in Sweden and represents a major global public health challenge. In recent years, new anti-obesity medications (AOMs) have been introduced; however, knowledge about how primary care physicians (PCPs) perceive these medications in clinical practice is limited. Understanding PCPs' perspectives is essential as these medications are expected to play an increasingly important role in obesity care. AIM: To explore PCPs' experiences and perceptions of AOMs, and to identify perceived challenges and opportunities related to their clinical use. METHODS: A qualitative study was conducted, including 11 in-depth interviews with PCPs working in regional and private primary health care centers in Skåne, Sweden. Data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. RESULTS: supported by five categories and 13 sub-categories. AOMs facilitated person-centered discussions about weight management but posed challenges due to limited clinical experience and recent introduction. The multifactorial nature of obesity raised questions regarding clinical responsibility, treatment duration and resource allocation. CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacological treatment of obesity was perceived as useful for initiating discussions and supporting weight loss. However, PCPs reported challenges related to obesity complexity, lack of consensus on classification and treatment, unclear treatment duration, and economic barriers. Clear guidelines and shared understanding of obesity treatment may reduce uncertainty and provide stronger support for PCPs. Further research incorporating patient perspectives and other Swedish regions can inform national guidelines and enhance the overall understanding of AOMs.