High-Performance Solar Cells Systems with ZnO+ Spiro-OMeTAD Perovskite- NiO layers

Achieving a suitable electron-transporting layer for balancing electron- hole numbers, and the accumulation of electrical charges at HTL/anode interface layer, remains a key challenge for perovskite-organic solar cells (PSC) application. Here, ZnO, NiO, and spiro- OMeTAD (SOT) as electron-transporting layers (ETLs)/ perovskite/ SOT as hole-transporting layers (HTLs) of PSC have been widely analyzed. To find better ETL- materials in PSCP systems for balancing the difference between electron- hole (e-h) diffusion distance, and acting as a hole barrier material for reducing the recombination ratio of e - h at the active layer, Al (cathode), ZnO/NiO+10wt.% SOT as ETL, perovskite-SOT as the active layer, and SOT as HTL and anode layer of PSCP systems are investigated with the help of relevant spectroscopic techniques, home- set electrical systems, ABET Technologies, Sun 2000 solar simulator, and microscopic images. In the ETL layer, ZnO/10% wt. of SOT with zero, 25, 50, 75, and 100 wt.% of NiO particles, shows that sample with 75% NiO particles, with higher carrier mobility (62.5 cm2/V.S), higher power conversion efficiency (PCE= 8.3%), higher fill factor (FF=67%), lower hysteresis loop, and lower SS (1.3 mV/dec.) can be used as desirable ETL for the next PSCP systems.