DNA Barcoding of Flesh Flies (Diptera: Sarcophagidae) in Jamaica: A Preliminary Assessment

The Caribbean is a recognized biodiversity hotspot; however, on islands such as Jamaica, many faunal groups of ecological and forensic importance, including flesh flies, remain poorly characterized, particularly at the genetic level. This study represents an initial step towards addressing that gap through DNA barcoding. Forty-four specimens from 16 species were analyzed through partial sequencing of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. Of the 44 sequences, 30% shared 97–100% similarity with reference sequences in GenBank and BOLD; however, taxonomic resolution varied between databases. The remaining sequences gave lower similarity matches (88–96%), with assignments restricted to the genus level or higher taxonomic ranks, or were discordant with morphology-based identifications. With one exception, pairwise intraspecific genetic distances were low (0.17%), whereas interspecific distances ranged from 5.68% to 12.83%. Neighbor-joining analysis showed that Jamaican taxa, including five endemic species and two new records, formed largely distinct monophyletic clades relative to sequences from North and South America, Europe and Oceania, with >70% bootstrap support. These findings demonstrate the utility of COI barcoding for species discrimination among Jamaican flesh flies and represent an important step towards establishing a regional DNA barcode library. Expanding Caribbean representation in global databases will be essential for improving the accuracy of molecular identification and resolving uncharacterized taxa.