Economic Resilience of the Delivery Sector within a Multi-Hazardous Environment in Romania: A County-Level Panel Analysis, 2008–2023

This article examines the economic resilience of Romania’s postal and courier sector in a multi-hazard context marked by the COVID-19 pandemic and the escalation of the Russia-Ukraine war. The sector is defined as postal activities under universal service obligation (NACE 5310) and other postal and courier activities (NACE 5320). Using annual county-level data for all 42 Romanian counties for 2008–2023, sourced from ListăFirme.ro and based on figures reported to the Ministry of Finance, the study combines bibliometric mapping with static panel regression using county fixed effects. The results show a positive association at the 5% level between delivery-sector turnover and national turnover after the transformations required for stationarity. The findings suggest that the sector retained and, in relative terms, strengthened its economic weight during successive crises. The article contributes by operationalizing sector-level economic resilience in a Romanian multi-hazard setting and by identifying managerial and policy implications for logistics continuity, regional inclusion and future contingency planning.