Challenges of STEM education and career choices of female graduates: a case study on Bangladesh

Purpose This study aims to examine the factors discouraging female involvement in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) education and employment in Bangladesh and to fill a conspicuous gap in current studies, offering recommendations to enhance female engagement in the sector. Design/methodology/approach This study used a quantitative, deductive research methodology. Through purposive sampling, data were gathered from 95 female STEM students aged 20–45. A structured survey using a five-point Likert Scale was administered, and data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation and multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS. Findings The findings revealed that gender stereotypes, patriarchal practices, attitudinal aspects and balancing work and family significantly negatively influence females’ decisions to pursue STEM education and careers in Bangladesh. Among these, gender stereotypes emerged as the most influential factor limiting females’ participation. Originality/value The current study makes a unique contribution to the literature by providing empirical insights into Bangladesh, where the underrepresentation of women in STEM fields has not been adequately explored. The current study makes several recommendations, including introducing females to STEM fields earlier, updating the curriculum, fostering collaboration between academia and industry and implementing government initiatives to improve gender equity in STEM fields and support the country’s development.