Stop making them mask: synchronous video, asynchronous text and the future of inclusive qualitative methods

Purpose This paper argues that interview modality selection in qualitative research involving neurodivergent participants is a methodological validity decision, not solely an ethical or welfare consideration. It examines how the choice between synchronous video and asynchronous text shapes the cognitive conditions under which data are generated and, consequently, the quality and authenticity of the data produced. Design/methodology/approach The argument draws on cognitive load theory, masking research, social presence theory and reflexive thematic analysis standards to establish modality selection as a validity concern rather than a welfare adjustment. Findings Synchronous video interviewing imposes social performance, disclosure and processing demands on neurodivergent participants that compete directly with the cognitive work of generating authentic responses. Asynchronous text participation substantially reduces these demands. Neither modality is inherently superior; the fit between format, participant profile and research topic determines data quality. Practical implications The paper provides a framework of eight design decisions to guide modality selection, question design, consent framing and methodological reporting in qualitative research with neurodivergent populations. Originality/value The paper reframes the choice of interview modality as a validity concern and introduces a practitioner-facing framework applicable across qualitative research involving neurodivergent participants in organisational and workplace contexts.