Sustainable Energy Development in India

Abstract Energy is a crucial factor, which determines economic growth and development. India is a growing economy. There is external resistance for sacrificing economic growth, for the sake of protecting the environment in the future. Inadequacy of energy supply would obviously affect very adversely on the quality of service in the fields of education, health and in fact, even food security which is a vital and essential requirement of any society. Sustainability is the move towards the growth and development of India. Solar Energy is one of the renowned sectors to support the sustainability of India. Solar energy has giant potential in India due to its position in the tropical belt. This paper deals with the innovative applications of solar energy for sustainable development of India like Solar application in transportation, architecture, car parking, restaurants, lighting, mobile charging, vehicles charging etc. are described for sustainable development. The paper includes the existing applications of solar energy, the current status of solar energy in India, challenges in the progress of solar energy and concludes with some solutions to promote solar energy. Keywords: Energy, Sustainable Development Introduction Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. From the concern of climate change, global warming and to ensure a sustainable future sustainable energies are gaining importance. Sustainable energy is the sustainable stipulation of energy that is clean and long lasting with very less emission of polluting gases i.e. solar energy, wind energy, biomass energy, geothermal energy, etc. and are also often called alternative sources of energy. Amongst all the clean technologies, solar energy is an efficient renewable energy source to alleviate the emission of greenhouse gas and helps to trim down global warming. India receives India’s strategy towards energy development and energy security plays a vital role in economic development. There are causal factors which influence energy crises in terms of supply and demand factors like supply shortage with respect to demand; transmission bottlenecks; natural factors; defects in deregulation; imperfect market; financial concerns, geopolitical pressures and the global energy landscape. The choices we as a whole make today whether they include putting resources into a multibillion-dollar oil task or obtaining the family vehicle may have long haul suggestions pertaining to energy. It is important that we face the challenges and embrace the opportunities because energy both its production and its use in an environmentally safe manner, is a platform for broader discussion. The increasing demand of electricity, the high price of oil and the growing concerns for our environment are some of several factors that are forcing us to enhance the use of alternative energy sources. Among a variety of renewable energy sources, solar energy is a sustainable alternative option that can be utilized in various ways and can be used for many applications. Solar power is produced by collecting sunlight and converting into electricity, heat and lighting. This is done by using solar panels to convert sunlight into electricity, and using solar thermal collectors to absorb solar energy for heating water. Energy Consumption Scenario in India Energy is one of the main components for the economic, social, and sustainable development of any country; in the case of the developing countries, the energy sector assumes a critical importance in view of increasing energy growth essentials requiring high investments to meet them. In the country, energy ‘Self-Sufficiency’ was recognized as the main driver for new and renewable energy in the wake of the two oil shocks of the 1970s. Renewable energy is obtained from sources, which include - Wind, Solar, Hydro-electricity, Geothermal, Ocean, Municipal solid waste and Biomass etc. The non-renewable energy is generated from the fossil fuels are - Coal, Oil and Gas, which are likely to deplete. The global oil and gas reserves are projected to be available for 45 years and 65 years respectively. Coal is likely to last a little over 200 years. To give the importance of energy for a country's growth and development; the data for the period 2002-14 (Data source: World Bank). Sustainable Energy Development in Indian Context India’s energy and economic development has a cause and effect relationship. With India being a growing economy, there is external resistance for sacrificing economic growth for the sake of protecting the environment in the future. India needs to keep up the pace of monetary development to guarantee the benefit to its masses. Its underlying multilayer designs generally centered around urban improvement because of which there has been no evenhanded dissemination of riches over the urban and country or over the rich and poor people. India needs monetary development and improvement to free itself from the detestable grips of destitution and appetite. To guarantee the ideal rate of development of the economy it additionally needs satisfactory vitality either indigenously or by methods for import. This involves so as to keep up the required monetary development India would need to abuse the characteristic assets such as coal, hydro, gas, atomic and wind. The majority of Indians still use traditional fuels such as cow dung, agricultural wastes, and firewood as cooking fuel. India’s Integrated Energy Policy Report 2008 lays stress on the energy security aspects as well as the diversification of its fuel mix coupled with indigenous use of resources to address its difficulties related to energy and its endeavors to raise its dimension of human improvement. India faces impressive difficulties in meeting its vitality needs and in giving satisfactory vitality of wanted quality in different structures in a maintainable way at aggressive costs. India needs to continue an 8% to 10% financial development rate, over next 25 years, in the event that it is to destroy neediness and meet its human improvement objectives. So, to convey a supported development of 8 per cent through 2031, India would at any rate need to develop its essential vitality supply by 3 to multiple times while the power supply needs to develop at the rate of 5 to multiple times the present utilization. In the real sense of the Indian context, the issue of sustainability is larger compared to OECD (Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development) countries because as a nation we have to address the basic needs of teeming millions both today as well as tomorrow. Environmental taxes, green taxes, carbon taxes, and subsidies etc. needs to be levied so as to affect choices of end users. India can have differential taxes if they can appropriately reflect environmental externalities. “A consistent application of the polluter pays principle or consumer pays principle should be made to attain environmental objectives at least cost where prescribed environmental norms are either not applied consistently or it has adhered to”. Industries are energy intensive and increasing the energy efficiency by use of technology is important for ensuring its energy security and abatement of pollution. Methodology The study is based on secondary data. Secondary data were collected from various reports of Central Government and State Governments i.e., International Energy Agency, World Bank-Data Bank, The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI), Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), Karnataka Renewable Energy Development Limited (KREDL) and Directorate of Economics and Statistics (Government of Karnataka). Energy Policy Framework A few advisory groups have been set up in India for prescribing energy arrangements for Indian financial conditions since the late fifties. The Energy Survey Committee (Report 1965), has been the first of its sort to take an exhaustive perspective of India’s vitality issues and make projections of vitality request and supply for the period 1965-89. As utilization continued in a way conflicting with the gift of assets, a Fuel Policy Committee (FPC) was set up in 1970, (Pande 1980). Thinking about the energy blessings and the expenses at which these assets could be misused, the board of trustees suggested that coal ought to be the essential business wellspring of vitality in India. It underlined the requirement for the substitution of oil by coal and distinguished the strategy to be received for completing the change. To beat these deficiencies, a Working Group on Energy Policy (1979), was set up amid 1977-79. The real proposals of this gathering in addition to other things relate to the bigger and expanded utilization of sustainable sources, to enhance the effectiveness of vitality transformation frameworks, to diminish oil utilization and to lessen vitality power in the mechanical area. Later the Committee on Power 1978-80 brought out comparative proposals. The Advisory Board on Energy set up in 1983 and also proposed developing vitality strategies to the Government of India (ABE; 1987). The Board prompts the Government emphatically to urge individuals to rehearse energy preservation in a purposeful way; to audit basically high vitality escalated regions; to enhance the working of warm and hydel control framework; to decide on the expanded use of non-customary vitality sources and; to create strategies for viable usage of agro deposits. Three Aspects of Sustainable Development Economic - An economically sustainable system must be able to produce goods and services on a continuing basis, to maintain manageable levels of government and external debt, and to avoid extreme sectoral imbalances which damage agricultural or industrial production. Environmental - An environmentally sustainable system must maintain a stabl